Archive for category Article

PHP Error Logging

Jun 14

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Log errors to a file, and prevent showing them to the user. Make sure that the file exists and youre able to write to it.

# display no errs to user
php_flag display_startup_errors off
php_flag display_errors off
php_flag html_errors off
# log to file
php_flag log_errors on
php_value error_log /location/to/php_error.log

Glyphs

May 30

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Special Characters

"	"	"	quotation mark	u+0022 ISOnum	p:before { content:"\0022"; }	alert("\42")
&	&	&	ampersand	u+0026 ISOnum	p:before { content:"\0026"; }	alert("\46")
&lt ;	<	<	less-than sign	u+003C ISOnum	p:before { content:"\003c"; }	alert("\74");
&gt ;	>	>	greater-than sign	u+003E ISOnum	p:before { content:"\003e"; }	alert("\76");

Latin-1 entity set for HTML

Name		Numeric	Description	Hex	ISO in CSS content	Octal
			no-break space	%A0	p:before { content:"\00a0"; }	alert("\240");
¡	¡	¡	inverted exclamation mark	%A1	p:before { content:"\00a1"; }	alert("\241");
¢	¢	¢	cent sign	%A2	p:before { content:"\00a2"; }	alert("\242");
£	£	£	pound sterling sign	%A3	p:before { content:"\00a3"; }	alert("\243");
¤	¤	¤	general currency sign	%A4	p:before { content:"\00a4"; }	alert("\244");
¥	¥	¥	yen sign	%A5	p:before { content:"\00a5"; }	alert("\245");
¦	¦	¦	broken (vertical) bar	%A6	p:before { content:"\00a6"; }	alert("\246");
§	§	§	section sign	%A7	p:before { content:"\00a7"; }	alert("\247");
¨	¨	¨	umlaut (dieresis)	%A8	p:before { content:"\00a8"; }	alert("\250");
©	©	©	copyright sign	%A9	p:before { content:"\00a9"; }	alert("\251");
ª	ª	ª	ordinal indicator, feminine	%AA	p:before { content:"\00aa"; }	alert("\252");
«	«	«	angle quotation mark, left	%AB	p:before { content:"\00ab"; }	alert("\253");
¬	¬	¬	not sign	%AC	p:before { content:"\00ac"; }	alert("\254");
			soft hyphen	%AD	p:before { content:"\00ad"; }	alert("\255");
®	®	®	registered sign	%AE	p:before { content:"\00ae"; }	alert("\256");
¯	¯	¯	macron	%AF	p:before { content:"\00af"; }	alert("\257");
°	°	°	degree sign	%B0	p:before { content:"\00b0"; }	alert("\260");
±	±	±	plus-or-minus sign	%B1	p:before { content:"\00b1"; }	alert("\261");
²	²	²	superscript two	%B2	p:before { content:"\00b2"; }	alert("\262");
³	³	³	superscript three	%B3	p:before { content:"\00b3"; }	alert("\263");
´	´	´	acute accent	%B4	p:before { content:"\00b4"; }	alert("\264");
µ	µ	µ	micro sign	%B5	p:before { content:"\00b5"; }	alert("\265");
¶	¶	¶	pilcrow (paragraph sign)	%B6	p:before { content:"\00b6"; }	alert("\266");
·	·	·	middle dot	%B7	p:before { content:"\00b7"; }	alert("\267");
¸	¸	¸	cedilla	%B8	p:before { content:"\00b8"; }	alert("\270");
¹	¹	¹	superscript one	%B9	p:before { content:"\00b9"; }	alert("\271");
º	º	º	ordinal indicator, masculine	%BA	p:before { content:"\00ba"; }	alert("\272");
»	»	»	angle quotation mark, right	%BB	p:before { content:"\00bb"; }	alert("\273");
¼	¼	¼	fraction one-quarter	%BC	p:before { content:"\00bc"; }	alert("\274");
½	½	½	fraction one-half	%BD	p:before { content:"\00bd"; }	alert("\275");
¾	¾	¾	fraction three-quarters	%BE	p:before { content:"\00be"; }	alert("\276");
¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark	%BF	p:before { content:"\00bf"; }	alert("\277");
À	À	À	capital A, grave accent	%C0	p:before { content:"\00c0"; }	alert("\300");
Á	Á	Á	capital A, acute accent	%C1	p:before { content:"\00c1"; }	alert("\301");
Â	Â	Â	capital A, circumflex accent	%C2	p:before { content:"\00c2"; }	alert("\302");
Ã	Ã	Ã	capital A, tilde	%C3	p:before { content:"\00c3"; }	alert("\303");
Ä	Ä	Ä	capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark	%C4	p:before { content:"\00c4"; }	alert("\304");
Å	Å	Å	capital A, ring	%C5	p:before { content:"\00c5"; }	alert("\305");
Æ	Æ	Æ	capital AE diphthong (ligature)	%C6	p:before { content:"\00c6"; }	alert("\306");
Ç	Ç	Ç	capital C, cedilla	%C7	p:before { content:"\00c7"; }	alert("\307");
È	È	È	capital E, grave accent	%C8	p:before { content:"\00c8"; }	alert("\310");
É	É	É	capital E, acute accent	%C9	p:before { content:"\00c9"; }	alert("\311");
Ê	Ê	Ê	capital E, circumflex accent	%CA	p:before { content:"\00ca"; }	alert("\312");
Ë	Ë	Ë	capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark	%CB	p:before { content:"\00cb"; }	alert("\313");
Ì	Ì	Ì	capital I, grave accent	%CC	p:before { content:"\00cc"; }	alert("\314");
Í	Í	Í	capital I, acute accent	%CD	p:before { content:"\00cd"; }	alert("\315");
Î	Î	Î	capital I, circumflex accent	%CE	p:before { content:"\00ce"; }	alert("\316");
Ï	Ï	Ï	capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark	%CF	p:before { content:"\00cf"; }	alert("\317");
Ð	Ð	Ð	capital Eth, Icelandic	%D0	p:before { content:"\00d0"; }	alert("\320");
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	capital N, tilde	%D1	p:before { content:"\00d1"; }	alert("\321");
Ò	Ò	Ò	capital O, grave accent	%D2	p:before { content:"\00d2"; }	alert("\322");
Ó	Ó	Ó	capital O, acute accent	%D3	p:before { content:"\00d3"; }	alert("\323");
Ô	Ô	Ô	capital O, circumflex accent	%D4	p:before { content:"\00d4"; }	alert("\324");
Õ	Õ	Õ	capital O, tilde	%D5	p:before { content:"\00d5"; }	alert("\325");
Ö	Ö	Ö	capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark	%D6	p:before { content:"\00d6"; }	alert("\326");
×	×	×	multiply sign	%D7	p:before { content:"\00d7"; }	alert("\327");
Ø	Ø	Ø	capital O, slash	%D8	p:before { content:"\00d8"; }	alert("\330");
Ù	Ù	Ù	capital U, grave accent	%D9	p:before { content:"\00d9"; }	alert("\331");
Ú	Ú	Ú	capital U, acute accent	%DA	p:before { content:"\00da"; }	alert("\332");
Û	Û	Û	capital U, circumflex accent	%DB	p:before { content:"\00db"; }	alert("\333");
Ü	Ü	Ü	capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark	%DC	p:before { content:"\00dc"; }	alert("\334");
Ý	Ý	Ý	capital Y, acute accent	%DD	p:before { content:"\00dd"; }	alert("\335");
Þ	Þ	Þ	capital THORN, Icelandic	%DE	p:before { content:"\00de"; }	alert("\336");
ß	ß	ß	small sharp s, German (sz ligature)	%DF	p:before { content:"\00df"; }	alert("\337");
à	à	à	small a, grave accent	%E0	p:before { content:"\00e0"; }	alert("\340");
á	á	á	small a, acute accent	%E1	p:before { content:"\00e1"; }	alert("\341");
â	â	â	small a, circumflex accent	%E2	p:before { content:"\00e2"; }	alert("\342");
ã	ã	ã	small a, tilde	%E3	p:before { content:"\00e3"; }	alert("\343");
ä	ä	ä	small a, dieresis or umlaut mark	%E4	p:before { content:"\00e4"; }	alert("\344");
å	å	å	small a, ring	%E5	p:before { content:"\00e5"; }	alert("\345");
æ	æ	æ	small ae diphthong (ligature)	%E6	p:before { content:"\00e6"; }	alert("\346");
ç	ç	ç	small c, cedilla	%E7	p:before { content:"\00e7"; }	alert("\347");
è	è	è	small e, grave accent	%E8	p:before { content:"\00e8"; }	alert("\350");
é	é	é	small e, acute accent	%E9	p:before { content:"\00e9"; }	alert("\351");
ê	ê	ê	small e, circumflex accent	%EA	p:before { content:"\00ea"; }	alert("\352");
ë	ë	ë	small e, dieresis or umlaut mark	%EB	p:before { content:"\00eb"; }	alert("\353");
ì	ì	ì	small i, grave accent	%EC	p:before { content:"\00ec"; }	alert("\354");
í	í	í	small i, acute accent	%ED	p:before { content:"\00ed"; }	alert("\355");
î	î	î	small i, circumflex accent	%EE	p:before { content:"\00ee"; }	alert("\356");
ï	ï	ï	small i, dieresis or umlaut mark	%EF	p:before { content:"\00ef"; }	alert("\357");
ð	ð	ð	small eth, Icelandic	%F0	p:before { content:"\00f0"; }	alert("\360");
ñ	ñ	ñ	small n, tilde	%F1	p:before { content:"\00f1"; }	alert("\361");
ò	ò	ò	small o, grave accent	%F2	p:before { content:"\00f2"; }	alert("\362");
ó	ó	ó	small o, acute accent	%F3	p:before { content:"\00f3"; }	alert("\363");
ô	ô	ô	small o, circumflex accent	%F4	p:before { content:"\00f4"; }	alert("\364");
õ	õ	õ	small o, tilde	%F5	p:before { content:"\00f5"; }	alert("\365");
ö	ö	ö	small o, dieresis or umlaut mark	%F6	p:before { content:"\00f6"; }	alert("\366");
÷	÷	÷	divide sign	%F7	p:before { content:"\00f7"; }	alert("\367");
ø	ø	ø	small o, slash	%F8	p:before { content:"\00f8"; }	alert("\370");
ù	ù	ù	small u, grave accent	%F9	p:before { content:"\00f9"; }	alert("\371");
ú	ú	ú	small u, acute accent	%FA	p:before { content:"\00fa"; }	alert("\372");
û	û	û	small u, circumflex accent	%FB	p:before { content:"\00fb"; }	alert("\373");
ü	ü	ü	small u, dieresis or umlaut mark	%FC	p:before { content:"\00fc"; }	alert("\374");
ý	ý	ý	small y, acute accent	%FD	p:before { content:"\00fd"; }	alert("\375");
þ	þ	þ	small thorn, Icelandic	%FE	p:before { content:"\00fe"; }	alert("\376");
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	small y, dieresis or umlaut mark	%FF	p:before { content:"\00ff"; }	alert("\377");

Latin Extended-A

&OElig;	Œ	Œ	latin capital ligature oe	u+0152 ISOlat2	p:before { content:"\0152"; }	alert("\u0152");
&oelig;	œ	œ	latin small ligature oe (ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages)	u+0153 ISOlat2	p:before { content:"\0153"; }	alert("\u0153");
&Scaron;	Š	Š	latin capital letter s with caron	u+0160 ISOlat2	p:before { content:"\0160"; }	alert("\u0160");
&scaron;	š	š	latin small letter s with caron	u+0161 ISOlat2	p:before { content:"\0161"; }	alert("\u0161");
&Yuml;	Ÿ	Ÿ	latin capital letter y with diaeresis	u+0178 ISOlat2	p:before { content:"\0178"; }	alert("\u0178");

Latin Extended-B

&fnof;

latin small f with hook, a.k.a. function, a.k.a. florin

u+0192 ISOtech

p:before { content:"\0192"; }

alert("\u0192");

Spacing Modifier Letters

&circ;	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent	u+02C6 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\02c6"; }	alert("\u02c6");
&tilde;	˜	small tilde	u+02DC ISOdia	p:before { content:"\02dc"; }	alert("\u02dc");

Greek

Α	Α	Α	greek capital letter alpha	u+0391	p:before { content:"\0391"; }	alert("\u0391");
Β	Β	Β	greek capital letter beta	u+0392	p:before { content:"\0392"; }	alert("\u0392");
Γ	Γ	Γ	greek capital letter gamma	u+0393 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\0393"; }	alert("\u0395");
Δ	Δ	Δ	greek capital letter delta	u+0394 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\0394"; }	alert("\u0394");
Ε	Ε	Ε	greek capital letter epsilon	u+0395	p:before { content:"\0395"; }	alert("\u0395");
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	greek capital letter zeta	u+0396	p:before { content:"\0396"; }	alert("\u0396");
&Eta ;	Η	Η	greek capital letter eta	u+0397	p:before { content:"\0397"; }	alert("\u0397");
Θ	Θ	Θ	greek capital letter theta	u+0398 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\0398"; }	alert("\u0398");
Ι	Ι	Ι	greek capital letter iota	u+0399	p:before { content:"\0399"; }	alert("\u0399");
Κ	Κ	Κ	greek capital letter kappa	u+039A	p:before { content:"\039a"; }	alert("\u039a");
Λ	Λ	Λ	greek capital letter lambda	u+039B ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\039b"; }	alert("\u039b");
&Mu ;	Μ	Μ	greek capital letter mu	u+039C	p:before { content:"\039c"; }	alert("\u039c");
&Nu ;	Ν	Ν	greek capital letter nu	u+039D	p:before { content:"\039d"; }	alert("\u039D");
&Xi ;	Ξ	Ξ	greek capital letter xi	u+039E ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\039e"; }	alert("\u039e");
Ο	Ο	Ο	greek capital letter omicron	u+039F	p:before { content:"\039f"; }	alert("\u039f");
&Pi ;	Π	Π	greek capital letter pi	u+03A0 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03a0"; }	alert("\u03a0");
&Rho ;	Ρ	Ρ	greek capital letter rho	u+03A1	p:before { content:"\03a1"; }	alert("\u03a1");
there is no Sigmaf, and no u+03A2 character either)
Σ	Σ	Σ	greek capital letter sigma	u+03A3 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03a3"; }	alert("\u03A3");
&Tau ;	Τ	Τ	greek capital letter tau	u+03A4	p:before { content:"\03a4"; }	alert("\u03A4");
Υ	Υ	Υ	greek capital letter upsilon	u+03A5 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03a5"; }	alert("\u03A5");
&Phi ;	Φ	Φ	greek capital letter phi	u+03A6 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03a6"; }	alert("\u03A6");
&Chi ;	Χ	Χ	greek capital letter chi	u+03A7	p:before { content:"\03a7"; }	alert("\u03A7");
&Psi ;	Ψ	Ψ	greek capital letter psi	u+03A8 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03a8"; }	alert("\u03A8");
Ω	Ω	Ω	greek capital letter omega	u+03A9 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03a9"; }	alert("\u03A9");
α	α	α	greek small letter alpha	u+03B1 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b1"; }	alert("\u03b1");
β	β	β	greek small letter beta	u+03B2 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b2"; }	alert("\u03b2");
γ	γ	γ	greek small letter gamma	u+03B3 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b3"; }	alert("\u03b3");
δ	δ	δ	greek small letter delta	u+03B4 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b4"; }	alert("\u03b4");
ε	ε	ε	greek small letter epsilon	u+03B5 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b5"; }	alert("\u03b5");
ζ	ζ	ζ	greek small letter zeta	u+03B6 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b6"; }	alert("\u03b6");
&eta ;	η	η	greek small letter eta	u+03B7 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b7"; }	alert("\u03b7");
θ	θ	θ	greek small letter theta	u+03B8 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b8"; }	alert("\u03b8");
ι	ι	ι	greek small letter iota	u+03B9 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03b9"; }	alert("\u03b9");
κ	κ	κ	greek small letter kappa	u+03BA ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03ba"; }	alert("\u03ba");
λ	λ	λ	greek small letter lambda	u+03BB ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03bb"; }	alert("\u03bb");
&mu ;	μ	μ	greek small letter mu	u+03BC ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03bc"; }	alert("\u03bc");
&nu ;	ν	ν	greek small letter nu	u+03BD ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03bd"; }	alert("\u03bd");
&xi ;	ξ	ξ	greek small letter xi	u+03BE ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03be"; }	alert("\u03be");
ο	ο	ο	greek small letter omicron	u+03BF NEW	p:before { content:"\03bf"; }	alert("\u03bf");
&pi ;	π	π	greek small letter pi	u+03C0 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03c0"; }	alert("\u03c0");
&rho ;	ρ	ρ	greek small letter rho	u+03C1 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03c1"; }	alert("\u03c1");
&sigmaf;	ς	ς	greek small letter final sigma	u+03C2 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C2"; }	alert("\u03c2");
σ	σ	σ	greek small letter sigma	u+03C3 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C3"; }	alert("\u03c3");
&tau ;	τ	τ	greek small letter tau	u+03C4 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C4"; }	alert("\u03c4");
υ	υ	υ	greek small letter upsilon	u+03C5 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C5"; }	alert("\u03c5");
&phi ;	φ	φ	greek small letter phi	u+03C6 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C6"; }	alert("\03c6");
&chi ;	χ	χ	greek small letter chi	u+03C7 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C7"; }	alert("\u03c7");
&psi ;	ψ	ψ	greek small letter psi	u+03C8 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C8"; }	alert("\u03c8");
ω	ω	ω	greek small letter omega	u+03C9 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03C9"; }	alert("\u03c9");
&thetasym;	ϑ	ϑ	greek small letter theta symbol	u+03D1 NEW	p:before { content:"\03D1"; }	alert("\u03D1");
&upsih;	ϒ	ϒ	greek upsilon with hook symbol	u+03D2 NEW	p:before { content:"\03D2"; }	alert("\u03D2");
&piv ;	ϖ	ϖ	greek pi symbol	u+03D6 ISOgrk3	p:before { content:"\03D6"; }	alert("\u03D6");

Punctuation

&ensp;			en space	u+2002 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2002";}	alert("\u2002");
&emsp;			em space	u+2003 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2003";}	alert("\u2003");
			thin space	u+2009 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2009";}	alert("\u2009");
&zwnj;	‌	‌	zero width non-joiner	u+200C NEW RFC 2070	p:before { content:"\200C";}	alert("\u200C");
&zwj;	‍	‍	zero width joiner	u+200D NEW RFC 2070	p:before { content:"\200D";}	alert("\u200d");
&lrm;	‎	‎	left-to-right mark	u+200E NEW RFC 2070	p:before { content:"\200E";}	alert("\u200e");
&rlm;	‏	‏	right-to-left mark	u+200F NEW RFC 2070	p:before { content:"\200F";}	alert("\u200f");
–	–	–	en dash	u+2013 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2013";}	alert("\u2013");
—	—	—	em dash	u+2014 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2014";}	alert("\u2014");
‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark	u+2018 ISOnum	p:before { content:"\2018";}	alert("\u2018");
’	’	’	right single quotation mark	u+2019 ISOnum	p:before { content:"\2019";}	alert("\u2019");
&sbquo;	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark	u+201A NEW	p:before { content:"\201A";}	alert("\u201a");
“	“	“	left double quotation mark	u+201C ISOnum	p:before { content:"\201C";}	alert("\u201c");
”	”	”	right double quotation mark	u+201D ISOnum	p:before { content:"\201D";}	alert("\u201d");
&bdquo;	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark	u+201E NEW	p:before { content:"\201E";}	alert("\u201e");
&dagger;	†	†	dagger	u+2020 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2020";}	alert("\u2020");
&Dagger;	‡	‡	double dagger	u+2021 ISOpub	p:before { content:"\2021";}	alert("\u2021");
&permil;	‰	‰	per mille sign	u+2030 ISOtech	p:before { content:"\2030";}	alert("\u2030");
&lsaquo;	‹	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark (lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardised)	u+2039 ISO proposed	p:before { content:"\2039";}	alert("\u2039");
&rsaquo;	›	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardised	u+203A ISO proposed	p:before { content:"\203A";}	alert("\u203a");

General Punctuation

•	•	•	bullet, a.k.a. black small circle bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator — u+2219	u+2022 ISOpub	alert("\u2219");
…	…	…	horizontal ellipsis, a.k.a. three dot leader	u+2026 ISOpub	alert("\u2026");
′	′	′	prime, a.k.a. minutes, a.k.a. feet	u+2032 ISOtech	alert("\u2032");
″	″	″	double prime, a.k.a. seconds, a.k.a. inches	u+2033 ISOtech	alert("\u2033");
&oline;	‾	‾	overline, a.k.a. spacing overscore	u+203E NEW	alert("\u203e");
&frasl;	⁄	⁄	fraction slash	u+2044 NEW	alert("\u8260");

Letterlike Symbols

&weierp;	℘	℘	script capital P, a.k.a. power set, a.k.a. Weierstrass p	u+2118 ISOamso	alert("\u2118");
&image;	ℑ	ℑ	blackletter capital I, a.k.a. imaginary part	u+2111 ISOamso	alert("\u2111");
&real;	ℜ	ℜ	blackletter capital R, a.k.a. real part symbol	u+211C ISOamso	alert("\u211c");
™	™	™	trade mark sign	u+2122 ISOnum	alert("\u2122");
&alefsym;	ℵ	ℵ	alef symbol, a.k.a. first transfinite cardinal alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef — u+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters	u+2135 NEW	alert("\u");

Arrows

←	←	←	leftwards arrow	u+2190 ISOnum	alert("\u2190");
↑	↑	↑	upwards arrow	u+2191 ISOnum	alert("\u2191");
→	→	→	rightwards arrow	u+2192 ISOnum	alert("\u2192");
↓	↓	↓	downwards arrow	u+2193 ISOnum	alert("\u2193");
↔	↔	↔	left right arrow	u+2194 ISOamsa	alert("\u2194");
&crarr;	↵	↵	downwards arrow with corner leftwards, a.k.a. carriage return	u+21B5 NEW	alert("\u21b5");
⇐	⇐	⇐	leftwards double arrow can be used for ‘is implied by’	u+21D0 ISOtech	alert("\u21d0");
&uArr;	⇑	⇑	upwards double arrow	u+21D1 ISOamsa	alert("\u21d1");
⇒	⇒	⇒	rightwards double arrow	u+21D2 ISOtech	alert("\u21d2");
&dArr;	⇓	⇓	downwards double arrow	u+21D3 ISOamsa	alert("\ud1d3");
⇔	⇔	⇔	left right double arrow	u+21D4 ISOamsa	alert("\u21d4");

Mathematical Operators

∀	∀	∀	for all	u+2200 ISOtech	alert("\u2200");
∂	∂	∂	partial differential	u+2202 ISOtech	alert("\u2202");
∃	∃	∃	there exists	u+2203 ISOtech	alert("\u2203");
∅	∅	∅	empty set, a.k.a. null set, a.k.a. diameter	u+2205 ISOamso	alert("\u2205");
∇	∇	∇	nabla, a.k.a. backward difference	u+2207 ISOtech	alert("\u2207");
∈	∈	∈	element of	u+2208 ISOtech	alert("\u2208");
∉	∉	∉	not an element of	u+2209 ISOtech	alert("\u2209");
&ni ;	∋	∋	contains as member	u+220B ISOtech	alert("\u220b");
∏	∏	∏	n-ary product, a.k.a. product sign prod is NOT the same character as u+03A0 ‘greek capital letter pi’ though the same glyph might be used for both	u+220F ISOamsb	alert("\u03a0");
&sum ;	∑	∑	n-ary sumation sum is NOT the same character as u+03A3 ‘greek capital letter sigma’ though the same glyph might be used for both	u+2211 ISOamsb	alert("\u03a3");
−	−	−	minus sign	u+2212 ISOtech	alert("\u2212");
&lowast;	∗	∗	asterisk operator	u+2217 ISOtech	alert("\u2217");
√	√	√	square root, a.k.a. radical sign	u+221A ISOtech	alert("\u221a");
&prop;	∝	∝	proportional to	u+221D ISOtech	alert("\u221d");
∞	∞	∞	infinity	u+221E ISOtech	alert("\u221e");
&ang ;	∠	∠	angle	u+2220 ISOamso	alert("\u2220");
&and ;	⊥	⊥	logical and, a.k.a. wedge	u+2227 ISOtech	alert("\u2227");
&or ;	⊦	⊦	logical or, a.k.a. vee	u+2228 ISOtech	alert("\u2228");
&cap ;	∩	∩	intersection, a.k.a. cap	u+2229 ISOtech	alert("\u2229");
&cup ;	∪	∪	union, a.k.a. cup	u+222A ISOtech	alert("\u222a");
&int ;	∫	∫	integral	u+222B ISOtech	alert("\u222b");
&there4;	∴	∴	therefore	u+2234 ISOtech	alert("\u2234");
&sim ;	∼	∼	tilde operator, a.k.a. varies with, similar to tilde operator, but is NOT the same character as the tilde u+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both	u+223C ISOtech	alert("\u223c");
&cong;	≅	≅	approximately equal to	u+2245 ISOtech	alert("\u2245");
≈	≈	≈	almost equal to, a.k.a. asymptotic to	u+2248 ISOamsr	alert("\u2248");
&ne ;	≠	≠	not equal to	u+2260 ISOtech	alert("\u2260");
&equiv;	≡	≡	identical to	u+2261 ISOtech	alert("\u2261");
&le ;	≤	≤	less-than or equal to	u+2264 ISOtech	alert("\u2264");
&ge ;	≥	≥	greater-than or equal to	u+2265 ISOtech	alert("\u2265");
&sub ;	⊂	⊂	subset of	u+2282 ISOtech	alert("\u2282");
&sup ;	⊃	⊃	superset of note that nsup, ‘not a superset of u+2283′ is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included.	u+2283 ISOtech	alert("\u2283");
&nsub;	⊄	⊄	not a subset of	u+2284 ISOamsn	alert("\u2284");
&sube;	⊆	⊆	subset of or equal to	u+2286 ISOtech	alert("\u2286");
&supe;	⊇	⊇	superset of or equal to	u+2287 ISOtech	alert("\u2287");
&oplus;	⊕	⊕	circled plus, a.k.a. direct sum	u+2295 ISOamsb	alert("\u2295");
&otimes;	⊗	⊗	circled times, a.k.a. vector product	u+2297 ISOamsb	alert("\u2297");
&perp;	⊥	⊥	up tack, a.k.a. orthogonal to, a.k.a. perpendicular	u+22A5 ISOtech	alert("\u22a5");
⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator dot operator is NOT the same character as u+00B7 middle dot	u+22C5 ISOamsb	alert("\u22c5");

Miscellaneous Technical

&lceil;	⌈	⌈	left ceiling, a.k.a. apl upstile	u+2308, ISOamsc	alert("\u2308");
&rceil;	⌉	⌉	right ceiling	u+2309, ISOamsc	alert("\u2309");
&lfloor;	⌊	⌊	left floor, a.k.a. apl downstile	u+230A, ISOamsc	alert("\u230a");
&rfloor;	⌋	⌋	right floor	u+230B, ISOamsc	alert("\u230b");
&lang;	〈	〈	left-pointing angle bracket, a.k.a. bra lang is NOT the same character as u+003C ‘less than’ or u+2039 ’single left-pointing angle quotation mark’	u+2329 ISOtech	alert("\u2329");
&rang;	〉	〉	right-pointing angle bracket, a.k.a. ket rang is NOT the same character as u+003E ‘greater than’ or u+203A ’single right-pointing angle quotation mark’	u+232A ISOtech	alert("\u232a");

Geometric Shapes

&loz ;

◊

lozenge

u+25CA ISOpub

alert("\u25ca");

Miscellaneous Symbols

&spades;	♠	♠	black spade suit	u+2660 ISOpub	alert("\u2660");
&clubs;	♣	♣	black club suit, a.k.a. shamrock	u+2663 ISOpub	alert("\u2663");
&hearts;	♥	♥	black heart suit, a.k.a. valentine	u+2665 ISOpub	alert("\u2665");
&diams;	♦	♦	black diamond suit	u+2666 ISOpub	alert("\u2666");

Turn Off Autocomplete for Input

May 20

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Just use the autocomplete attribute:

<input name="q" type="text" autocomplete="off"/>

This would be useful when a text input is one-off and unique. Like a CAPTCHA input, one-time use codes, or for when you have built your own auto-suggest/auto-complete feature and need to turn off the browser default.

Cufon 101

May 6

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

1. Include the JavaScript for Cufón and the Cufón font

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/cufon-yui.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/TitilliumMaps.font.js"></script>

2. HTML

Normal tags

<h1>Business Solutions</h1>
<h2>Business Insurance</h2>

3. Tell Cufón to replace the fonts for the specified CSS selectors

<script type="text/javascript"> Cufon.replace('h1, h2', { fontFamily: 'TitilliumMaps26L', hover: true });
</script>

4. Add JavaScript error handling in case there is an error loading

function handleError() { return true; }
window.onerror = handleError;

5. CSS

The font color, size and hover color is controlled via the CSS classes associated with the HTML element.

h1 { font-size: 50px; color: red;
}

Cross Domain GET Forwarding

May 3

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

When you do an AJAX request on a website, the URL you request from needs to reside on the same domain as where the request was made from. This is a security restriction imposed by the browser. There is a way to sneak around this by using a bit of a "man in the middle" approach.

PHP, being a server-side language, has the ability to pull content from any URL. So a PHP file can become the man in the middle. The contents of the PHP file can be set up to accept a URL as a parameter and then return the contents of that URL.

<?php echo file_get_contents($_GET['url']); // WARNING: You REALLY should write something to whitelist or otherwise limit what the function will accept, or it could be a security danger to your server (people could read any file). ?>

With that in place, we can do an AJAX request directly to that URL, passing it the URL we actually want the data from as a parameter. See how we are passing "http://google.com" as data below.

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4/jquery.min.js?ver=1.3.2'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'> $(function() { $.ajax({ type: "GET", dataType: 'html', data: 'url=http://google.com', url: 'get.php', success: function(data){ // Yah! Do something cool with data }, error: function(){ // Boo! Handle the error. } }); });
</script>

This is an extremely simple example. If you are interested in a more robust version, check out the Simple PHP Proxy.

iPad Detection

Apr 23

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Of course, the iPad is a pretty large screen and a fully capable browser, so most websites don't need to have iPad specific versions of them. But if you need to, you can detect for it with .htaccess

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*iPad.*$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://ipad.yourdomain.com [R=301]

This will redirect iPad users to a URL you specify. This is probably the best way to do it (assuming you are running an Apache server), but if you aren't, there are PHP and JavaScript methods here.

Random Hex Color

Apr 22

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Technique #1

<?php $rand = array('0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'); $color = '#'.$rand[rand(0,15)].$rand[rand(0,15)].$rand[rand(0,15)].$rand[rand(0,15)].$rand[rand(0,15)].$rand[rand(0,15)]; ?>

Then echo out the $color value anywhere you need it. For example:

<body style="background: <?php echo $color; ?>;">

Technique #2

<?php printf( "#%06X\n", mt_rand( 0, 0xFFFFFF )); ?>

There is also a JavaScript version.

Force Correct content-type for XHTML Documents

Apr 7

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Most webservers serve XHTML content as text/html what is definitly the right way to handle XHTML documents. In case the server isn't doing that correctly, you can force it on Apache servers with .htaccess:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/xhtml\+xml
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} !application/xhtml\+xml\s*;\s*q=0
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} \.html$
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} HTTP/1\.1
RewriteRule .* - "[T=application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1]"

Set Expires

Mar 23

Posted by Web Design CLuj in Article, WEB 2.0 | No Comments

Setting "expires" tells browsers downloading these files that they don't need to request it again for this specific length of time. In otherwords, use the cache instead if you have it. This can reduce stress on the server for you, and speed up page load time for visitors.

# BEGIN EXPIRES
<IfModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "access plus 10 days" ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week" ExpiresByType text/plain "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week" ExpiresByType application/x-icon "access plus 1 year"
</IfModule>
# END EXPIRES

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Arrows

Mathematical Operators

Miscellaneous Technical

Geometric Shapes

Miscellaneous Symbols

Turn Off Autocomplete for Input

Cufon 101

1. Include the JavaScript for Cufón and the Cufón font

2. HTML

3. Tell Cufón to replace the fonts for the specified CSS selectors

4. Add JavaScript error handling in case there is an error loading

5. CSS

Cross Domain GET Forwarding

iPad Detection

Random Hex Color

Technique #1

Technique #2

Force Correct content-type for XHTML Documents

Set Expires

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